Woraus besteht die Welt? | Mai Thi Nguyen-Kim | Ganze Folge | Terra X

Introduction to the world of chemistry, exploring the invisible world of molecules and the fascination with the transformation and connection of substances.

Exploring the concept of the four elements (fire, water, air, earth) that dominated the world view for 2000 years and the influence of ancient philosophers like Empedokles and Aristotle on the idea of elements.

Discussion on alchemy, the search for the Philosopher's Stone to transform metals into gold, and the discovery of phosphorus by Henning Brand through urine distillation.

Exploration of alchemical experiments with Antimon and the attempt to purify metals, heal diseases, and create medicines, as well as the discovery of antimony compounds.

Overview of Dmitri Mendeleev's discovery of the periodic table, the organization of elements by atomic weight, and the significance of chemical properties repetition in the table.

Explanation of the structure of chemical elements, atoms, electrons, protons, and neutrons, and the arrangement of elements based on electron configurations.

Discussion on spectroscopy using Bunsen's spectroscope to identify elements by their spectral lines, including the importance of this method in astrophysics.

Explanation of chemical reactions, the formation of molecules, and the role of electron configurations in determining the reactivity and bonding of elements.

Overview of the origin of chemical elements in the universe, from hydrogen to heavier elements formed in stars and supernova explosions.

Discussion on how chemical elements are distributed in galaxies, including the role of neutron star collisions and supermassive black holes in creating and dispersing elements.

Mendelejew introduces the Periodic Table in 1869, predicting unknown elements like Gallium. Gallium is used in semiconductors such as LEDs and solar cells.

New chemical elements like Darmstadtium (Element 110) are created by combining existing elements like Nickel and Lead using particle accelerators. These discoveries enhance atomic structure understanding and predict element reactions.

Researchers simulate stellar conditions in a new particle accelerator center in Darmstadt to create and study new unstable elements. The goal is to discover more unknown elements and determine the end of the Periodic Table.

Marie Curie's groundbreaking work on radioactivity led to the discovery of Polonium and breakthroughs in understanding atomic decay. Her research paved the way for peaceful uses of radioactivity like cancer treatment.

The discovery of radioactivity led to Radium hysteria in the early 20th century, with products like radioactive toothpaste, water, and cosmetics marketed as health and beauty treatments. Marie Curie's efforts focused on the safe applications of radioactivity.